Oliveira Werlich M, Honnef LR, Silva Bett JV, Domingos FL, Pauletto P, Dulcineia Mendes de Souza B, Mageste Duque T, Curi Hallal AL, De Luca Canto G. Prevalence of dentofacial injuries in contact sports players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36:477–88.
Google Scholar
Polmann H, Melo G, Conti Réus J, Domingos FL, de Souza BDM, Padilha AC, Duque TM, Porporatti AL, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G. Prevalence of dentofacial injuries among combat sports practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36:124–40.
Google Scholar
The glossary of prosthodontic terms: ninth edition. J Prosthet Dent. 2017; 117:e1–e105.
Bochnig MS, Oh MJ, Nagel T, Ziegler F, Jost-Brinkmann PG. Comparison of the shock absorption capacities of different mouthguards. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33:205–13.
Google Scholar
Hayashi K, Chowdhury RU, Chowdhury NU, Shrestha A, Pradhan I, Shahrin S, et al. Thickness change and deformation of custom-made mouthguards after two years of use by Bangladeshi field hockey players. Dent Traumatol. 2021;37:617–22.
Google Scholar
FDI World Dental Federation. FDI policy statement on sports dentistry: adopted by the FDI general assembly, September 2016, Poznan, Poland. Int Dent J. 2017;67:18–9.
Google Scholar
Tuna EB, Ozel E. Factors affecting sports-related orofacial injuries and the importance of mouthguards. Sports Med. 2014;44:777–83.
Google Scholar
Magno MB, Nadelman P, Leite KLF, Ferreira DM, Pithon MM, Maia LC. Associations and risk factors for dental trauma: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2020;48:447–63.
Google Scholar
Liew AKC, Abdullah D, Wan Noorina WA, Khoo S. Factors associated with mouthguard use and discontinuation among rugby players in Malaysia. Dent Traumatol. 2014;30:461–67.
Google Scholar
Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke BL, Rogers GG, Sharp MA, Marshall SW. Effectiveness of mouthguards for the prevention of orofacial injuries and concussions in sports: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2019;49:1217–32.
Google Scholar
Fernandes LM, Neto JCL, Lima TFR, Magno MB, Santiago BM, Cavalcanti YW, de Almeida LFD. The use of mouthguards and prevalence of dento-alveolar trauma among athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2019;35:54–72.
Google Scholar
Cetinbaş T, Sönmez H. Mouthguard utilization rates during sport activities in Ankara, Turkey. Dent Traumatol. 2006;22:127–32.
Google Scholar
Vucic S, Drost RW, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB. Dentofacial trauma and players’ attitude towards mouthguard use in field hockey: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:298–304.
Google Scholar
Gawlak D, Mańka-Malara K, Kamiński T, Łuniewska M, Mierzwińska-Nastalska E. Comparative evaluation of custom and standard boil and bite (self-adapted) mouthguards and their effect on the functioning of the oral cavity. Dent Traumatol. 2016;32:416–20.
Google Scholar
Shokeen B, Viloria E, Duong E, Rizvi M, Murillo G, Mullen J, et al. The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome and the association with clinical parameters: a longitudinal comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161:e475–e85.
Google Scholar
Chiavaroli A, D’Ercole SD, Fulco D, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Recinella L, et al. The use of customized mouthguards during the training produces protective effects on salivary factors of young athletes. Eur J of Paediatr Dent. 2021;22:219–24.
Google Scholar
Ashley P, Di Iorio A, Cole E, Tanday A, Needleman I. Oral health of elite athletes and association with performance: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49:14–9.
Google Scholar
Opazo-García C, Moya-Salazar J, Chicoma-Flores K, Contreras-Pulache H. Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study. BDJ Open. 2021;7:21.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Wang X, Li H, Ni C, Du Z, Yan F. Human oral microbiota and its modulation for oral health. Biomed Phatmacother. 2018;99:883–93.
Google Scholar
Costalonga M, Herzberg MC. The oral microbiome and the immunobiology of periodontal disease and caries. Immunol Lett. 2014;162:22–38.
Google Scholar
D’Ercole S, Tieri M, Fulco D, Martinelli D, Tripodi D. The use of chlorhexidine in mouthguards. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017;31:487–93.
Google Scholar
Ribeiro YJS, Delgado RZR, Paula-Silva FWG, Rematal-Valdes B, Feres MG, Palma-Dibb RG, et al. Sports mouthguards: contamination, roughness, and chlorhexidine for desinfection—a randomized clinical trial. Braz Dent J. 2021;32:66–73.
Google Scholar
Tripodi D, Martinelli D, Ciaravino C, Fulco D, Tieri M, D’Ercole S. The use of casein in sport mouthguards: microbiological and ecological variations in oral cavity. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32:1045–49.
Google Scholar
Academy for Sports Dentistry. Definition of sports dentistry. 2012. http://www.acadsportsdent.org.
Page MJ, Mckenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021:372.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group. 2021. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools.
Ryan R, Hill S. How to GRADE the quality of the evidence. Cochrane Consumers and Communication Group. 2016. available at Version 3.0 December.
Maeda Y, Yang TC, Miyanaga H, Tanaka Y, Ikebe K, Akimoto N. Mouthguard and sports drinks on tooth surface pH. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35:871–73.
Google Scholar
D’Ercole S, Martinelli D, Tripodi D. Influence of sport mouthguards on the ecological factors of the children oral cavity. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:97.
Costa MP, Ribeiro-Lages MB, Soares TRC, Magno MB, Maia LC. Global research trends of studies relates to mouthguards and dental injuries in sports activities: a bibliometric analysis. Gen Den. 2023;71:32–40.
Glass RT, Wood CR, Bullard JW, Conrad RS. Possible disease transmission by contaminated mouthguards in two young football players. Gen Den. 2007;55:436–40.
Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, Fortune F, Turner W, Jones J, et al. Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47:1054–8.
Google Scholar
Dibdin GH, Drawes C. A mathematical model of the influence of salivary urea on the pH of fasted dental plaque and on the changes occurring during a cariogenic challenge. Caries Res. 1998;32:70–74.
Google Scholar
Papacosta E, Nassis GP. Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport. 2011;14:424–34.
Google Scholar
Giuca MR, Pasini M, Nastasio S, D’Ercole S, Tripodi D. Dental and periodontal complications of labial and tongue piercing. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012;26:553–60.
Google Scholar
Frese C, Frese F, Kuhlmann S, Saure D, Reljic D, Staehle HJ, et al. Effect of endurance training on dental erosion, caries, and saliva. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;25:319–26.
Mulic A, Tveit AB, Songe D, Sivertsen H, Skaare AB. Dental erosive wear and salivary flow rate in physically active young adults. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:8.
Google Scholar
Allgrove JE, Oliveira M, Gleeson M. Stimulating whole saliva affects the response of antimicrobial proteins to exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24:649.
Google Scholar
Glass RT, Conrad RS, Kohler GA, Warren AJ, Bullard JW. Sports health. 2011; 3:244–8.
Al-Moghrabi D, Johal A, O’Rourke N, Donos N, Pandis N, Gonzales-Marin C, et al. Effect of fixed vs removable orthodontic retainers on stability and periodontal health: 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154:167–74.
Google Scholar
Bellini-Pereira SA, Castillo AA, Santos CO, Henriques JFC, Janson G, Normando D. Treatment stability with bonded versus vacum-formed retainers: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Orthod. 2022;44:187–96.
Google Scholar
link